Solving a complex cryptographic puzzle. Uses cryptographic algorithms. A fundamental property of cryptographic algorithms is that they should be extremely hard to reverse engineer to find the input, but extremely easy to verify the output. Introducing changes to the actual blocks of data would require more than 50% of processing power that the whole network has. This is the major security advantage of blockchain. The miners are rewarded with Bitcoin for participating in creating the consensus. http://nsquarexperts.com/blockchain.ht
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